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mtDNA and ROS released during ferroptosis activate the NLRP3 inflammasome, triggering caspase-1 activation and GSDMD cleavage

Neurosci Lett 487:278281

Carnitine deficiency A typical, well balanced omnivorous diet contains significant amounts of carnitine (20200 mg/day for a 70 kg person) as well as the essential amino acids and micronutrients needed for carnitine biosynthesis

Therefore, Hh is functionally conserved in cell survival control in both vertebrate and invertebrate

In addition to the direct damage caused by oxidative stress, elevated iron levels have been shown to disrupt the synthesis and function of respiratory subunits by affecting mtDNA [86]

R.ChangJ